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A swap in forex occurs if you are holding an open position overnight. Your account will be either credited or debited, depending on the trade direction, and traded pair.
KEY TAKEAWAYS
A swap in forex is an interest charge for holding an open position overnight
Swap charges are also referred as rollover fees
The difference between the interest rates of two country’s currencies is called the interest-rate differential
The interest-rate differential will be applied on the traded pair and trade direction, thus, trading accounts will be credited or debited
Exactly at 10pm GMT (time might vary with some brokers) if a trader is holding an open position on the FX market overnight, the trading account will be either credited, or debited.
This value is an interest charge on the full size of the open positions, depending on the established account margin and position in the market. Depending on the interest-rate differential, traders may pay or receive the interest fees, also known as rollover fees.
The rollover happens fees are charged when an open position from one value date (settlement date) is rolled over into the next value date. Rollover transactions are carried out automatically by the FX brokers if traders hold an open position past the change in value date.
Behind the scenes, the settlement occurs in two business days. Thus, if it is Monday before 10 pm GMT, currencies are trading for value on Wednesday. After 10 pm GMT on Monday, the trade date becomes Tuesday and they are traded for value on Thursday.
Because when an investor is trading currencies, in reality, he/she is trading cash. When a trader goes long on a currency, it is like holding a deposit at a bank, and like a bank account, the trader would expect to earn interest on the deposit.
On the other hand, when a trader goes short on a currency it is like borrowing from a bank, and the trader would expect to pay interest on the loan.
The likeness becomes more complicated because with a currency pair, a trader is holding one currency with a positive balance (the currency the trader is long) and one with a negative balance (the currency the trader is short), and the difference between the interest rates of the two country’s currencies is called the interest-rate differential.
Whether the trading account will be credited or debited depends on two factors: 1) whether the trader is holding a long or a short position; and 2) the interest rate differential between the two currencies in the traded pair.
Trading in the currency exchange market always involves borrowing one currency to buy another, thus, interest rollover charges are part of forex trading.
Interest is paid on the currency that is borrowed, and earned on the one that is bought. In effect, traders will earn or pay interest depending on the direction of their position.
If a trader is buying a currency with a higher interest rate than the one borrowed, the net differential will be positive (i.e. the GBP/JPY) – and the trader will earn funds (be credited) as a result.
If a trader is selling a currency with a higher interest rate than the one borrowed, then the net differential will be negative, and the trader will end up paying (be debited) for that rollover.
The rollover costs/credits are based on the position size, with the larger the position, the larger the cost or gain credited or debited on the account.
To find out the current interest rates from the major central banks (and the next scheduled interest rate decisions), we suggest a quick look at the Fxstreet website, where interest rates are presented in an easy-to-read table, like the one below (accurate as of March 2021):
From the table above, traders can gather that the Australian RBA rate of 0.25% is significantly greater than the negative rate of -0.10% of the Japan BoJ.
For investors, this would mean that one would earn more interest in being long Australian dollars and being short the JPY (i.e., long AUD/JPY).
Traders should bear in mind that the rollover charges are carried out automatically by the forex brokers if, and only, a position is still open at 10 pm GMT and hold past the change in value date.
However, for various reasons, one might like to know the calculation formula applied to swaps in forex. Here is the rollover calculation formula:
Contract notional value x (base currency interest rate – quote currency interest rate) / 365 days per year x current base currency rate = daily rollover interest debit/credit
Let’s now see a practical example of the rollover charges calculated in USD. Let’s imagine a trader goes long 1 lot (100,000 units) AUD/USD and the AUD/USD quote, at rollover time, is 0.7750.
How much swap should the trader pay, or receive, at rollover time?
Trade size: 100,000 units
Australia Borrow Rate= 4.75% per annum
US Lend Rate = 0.25% per annum
AUD/USD price at rollover time = 0.7750
Therefore: $100,000 * (4.75% – 0.25%) / 365 * 0.7750 = +9.55 per day
So, in this hypothetical example, a trader holding a 1 lot long AUD/USD would receive a credit of 9.55 USD on its trading account at rollover time. Bear in mind that the example above is just an exercise and swap rates can change on a daily basis, due to the market fluctuations and the currency pair quote.
If you want to check the rollover rates for several currency pairs, across multiple brokers, try our cool Forex Broker Swaps Comparison Tool and check out if you will be credited or debited a swap rate with your broker. It looks like this:
If you want to know the rollover rate of your individual currency pair, some forex platforms such as FXCM’s TradeStation publish these particular rates. However, if you are working with the MT4 platform, you can apply one or both the following MT4 information indicators to your charts.
| Indicator | Description |
|---|---|
| TrueTL Infoboard | Displays several pieces of currency pair and account related info, such as spread, ATR, swap rates, etc. |
| IceFX TradeInfo indicator | This excellent utility indicator by IceFX displays the most important information of the open positions and the trading account, including spreads, DD%, swap rates, etc. |
A picture of both these handy MT4 swap indicators applied to a EUR/USD daily chart looks like this:
The first indicator, the Infoboard, displays a spread of 0.2 pip, because it is 5-digit broker, a buy swap of -9.20 and a sell swap of +0.90. Thus, on any normal rollover day, except for Wednesday, you would be debited $9.20 for being long 100,000 units (1 lot) of EUR/USD if you held it past the rollover time, and you would receive a credit of $0.90 for being short 1 lot of EUR/USD.
The second indicator, the IceFX TradeInfo, displays a lot of useful position related information; estimated profit for positions with a TP level (and estimated loss for positions with a SL), leverage ratio, DD percentages, average daily, weekly and monthly ranges, spread, and of course, the buy/sell swap information.
Both MT4 indicators are valid options to see the swap rates for the traded pair,. But these utility indicators are also a great option to keep an eye on trading ranges, and above all, with the IceFX TradeInfo indicator, it can be used to help traders managing their position size and risk, and to keep tabs on the trading win and loss rate.
In an ideal world, the positive and negative swap rate should be an equal rate (that is, in the illustration above, both the positive and negative swap of AUD/USD should be 14.83), but instead, the negative swap rate usually appears much greater than the positive swap rate.
This is probably not fair but it is the way the brokerage game is set up. If your trading history were to present an equal number of longs and shorts carried out over more than 1 day, you would probably have an overall negative swap charged on the total of all your trades. It may not come out too much but it is something you have to end up factoring as a cost of trading.
You may also discover that some brokers will incur a negative swap rate for being either long or short a currency pair. If you see a broker doing this, you might want to reconsider having an account with him.
There are at least three ways you can avoid paying swap rates.
Trade in Direction of Positive Interest.
You can go trade only in the direction of the currency that gives positive swap. This is generally not recommended unless trading in that specific direction has been the most favourable direction in terms of back-tested and forward testing trading results.
Trade only Intraday and Close Positions by 10 pm GMT (or the rollover time of your broker).
You would avoid the swap because you are in and out before rollover time. However, you should not decide to become an intraday trader because of the swap. The only reason that can make you become an intraday trader should be your strategy and your performance results rely on being intraday. Not because of the swap.
Open a Swap Free Islamic Account, Offered by Some Brokers.
This is an option offered to Muslim customers, though in reality non-Muslims frequently choose the category if offered. These particular accounts are run in full compliance with Islamic beliefs and the policy of no interest to be paid upon business transactions. If you believe you will be having many overnight transactions, you might consider opening a swap free Islamic account.
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